Having a fuller understanding of what makes up a large part of our history can give us a fuller understanding of what makes up a large part of who we are today.<\/p>\n
<\/iframe><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/itiner-e.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/itiner-e.org\/_app\/immutable\/assets\/logo.Upy9-5HB.svg\" alt=\"logo\" width=\"203\" height=\"74\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41597-025-06140-z\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Itiner-e: A high-resolution dataset of roads of the Roman Empire<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Abstract<\/p>\n<p>The Roman Empire\u2019s road system was critical for structuring the movement of people, goods and ideas, and sustaining imperial control. Yet, it remains incompletely mapped and poorly integrated across sources despite centuries of research.<\/p>\n<p>We present Itiner-e, the most detailed and comprehensive open digital dataset of roads in the entire Roman Empire. It was created by identifying roads from archaeological and historical sources, locating them using modern and historical topographic maps and remote sensing, and digitising them with road segment-level metadata and certainty categories.<\/p>\n<p>The dataset nearly doubles the known length of Roman roads through increased coverage and spatial precision, and reveals that the location of only 2.737% are known with certainty. This resource is transformative for understanding how mobility shaped connectivity, administration, and even disease transmission in the ancient world, and for studies of the millennia-long development of terrestrial mobility in the region.<\/p>\n<div class=\"c-reading-companion__scroll-pane\">\n<ul class=\"c-reading-companion__sections-list\">\n<li id=\"rc-sec-Sec1\" class=\"c-reading-companion__section-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41597-025-06140-z#Sec1\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"section anchor\" data-track-label=\"link:Background Summary\">Background & Summary<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"rc-sec-Sec2\" class=\"c-reading-companion__section-item c-reading-companion__section-item--active\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41597-025-06140-z#Sec2\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"section anchor\" data-track-label=\"link:Methods\">Methods<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"rc-sec-Sec23\" class=\"c-reading-companion__section-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41597-025-06140-z#Sec23\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"section anchor\" data-track-label=\"link:Data Records\">Data Records<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"rc-sec-Sec24\" class=\"c-reading-companion__section-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41597-025-06140-z#Sec24\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"section anchor\" data-track-label=\"link:Technical Validation\">Technical Validation<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"rc-sec-Sec32\" class=\"c-reading-companion__section-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41597-025-06140-z#Sec32\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"section anchor\" data-track-label=\"link:Usage Notes\">Usage Notes<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"rc-sec-data-availability\" class=\"c-reading-companion__section-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41597-025-06140-z#data-availability\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"section anchor\" data-track-label=\"link:Data availability\">Data availability<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"rc-sec-code-availability\" class=\"c-reading-companion__section-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41597-025-06140-z#code-availability\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"section anchor\" data-track-label=\"link:Code availability\">Code availability<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"rc-sec-Bib1\" class=\"c-reading-companion__section-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41597-025-06140-z#Bib1\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"section anchor\" data-track-label=\"link:References\">References<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"rc-sec-Ack1\" class=\"c-reading-companion__section-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41597-025-06140-z#Ack1\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"section anchor\" data-track-label=\"link:Acknowledgements\">Acknowledgements<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"rc-sec-author-information\" class=\"c-reading-companion__section-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41597-025-06140-z#author-information\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"section anchor\" data-track-label=\"link:Author information\">Author information<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"rc-sec-ethics\" class=\"c-reading-companion__section-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41597-025-06140-z#ethics\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"section anchor\" data-track-label=\"link:Ethics declarations\">Ethics declarations<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"rc-sec-additional-information\" class=\"c-reading-companion__section-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41597-025-06140-z#additional-information\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"section anchor\" data-track-label=\"link:Additional information\">Additional information<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"rc-sec-rightslink\" class=\"c-reading-companion__section-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41597-025-06140-z#rightslink\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"section anchor\" data-track-label=\"link:Rights and permissions\">Rights and permissions<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"rc-sec-article-info\" class=\"c-reading-companion__section-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41597-025-06140-z#article-info\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"section anchor\" data-track-label=\"link:About this article\">About this article<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"u-lazy-ad-wrapper u-mt-16 u-show\" data-component-mpu=\"\">\n<div class=\"c-ad c-ad--300x250\">\n<div class=\"c-ad__inner\">\n<div id=\"div-gpt-ad-right-2\" class=\"div-gpt-ad advert medium-rectangle js-ad text-center hide-print grade-c-hide\" data-ad-type=\"right\" data-test=\"right-ad\" data-pa11y-ignore=\"\" data-gpt=\"\" data-gpt-unitpath=\"\/285\/sdata.nature.com\/article\" data-gpt-sizes=\"300x250\" 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