{"id":78692,"date":"2022-03-13T12:02:20","date_gmt":"2022-03-13T18:02:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/milesfortis.com\/?p=78692"},"modified":"2022-03-13T12:02:20","modified_gmt":"2022-03-13T18:02:20","slug":"78692","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/milesfortis.com\/?p=78692","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Quip O&#8217; The Day<br \/>\n<em>&#8220;Hope we spend more time on propulsion than on pronouns.&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.politico.com\/news\/2022\/03\/12\/space-force-moon-pentagon-00016818\">Moon battle: New Space Force plans raise fears over militarizing the lunar surface.<\/a><\/p>\n<section>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>The battle is on for the moon.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>The U.S. military is investing in new technologies to build large structures on the lunar surface. It\u2019s designing a spy satellite to orbit the moon. And it just announced plans for a surveillance network \u2014 what it calls a \u201chighway patrol\u201d \u2014 for the vast domain between Earth\u2019s orbit and the moon, known as cislunar space. Top military strategists and documents, meanwhile, now consistently refer to this region as a new realm of operations.<\/div>\n<div>The funding is also starting to flow. The\u00a0government spending bill\u00a0passed by Congress this week added $61 million for the military to pursue projects in cislunar space.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section data-content-section=\"6\">\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-0\">\u201cThat\u2019s basically the first significant chunk of money that we\u2019re putting towards this,\u201d said Space Force Col. Eric Felt, commander of the Air Force Research Laboratory\u2019s Space Vehicles Directorate at Kirtland Air Force Base in New Mexico.<\/div>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-0\"><\/div>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-1\">He likened it to \u201cputting the toe into the water, but we think this is an important potential future tech area.\u201d<\/div>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-1\"><\/div>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-2\">\u201cFrom the Space Force\u2019s perspective,\u201d he added, \u201cthey don\u2019t know how big of a deal this is going to be in the future, but it could be a big deal.\u201d<\/div>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-3\">The Pentagon maintains these new pursuits, all launched since the creation of the Space Force three years ago, are primarily designed to help secure a growing private space economy and safeguard civilian astronauts. In all, the newest branch believes nation-states and commercial companies will fly nearly 100 missions \u2014 both crewed and uncrewed \u2014 to the moon between now and 2030.<\/div>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-3\"><\/div>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-4\">But space policy and security experts also fear that the armed forces could outstrip NASA in space exploration and thrust what has largely been a peaceful competition into a military contest.<\/div>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-4\"><\/div>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-5\">Aaron Boley, co-director of Outer Space Institute at the University of British Columbia, says the Pentagon already plays an outsized role in Earth orbit, where satellites are used to support military operations and global security.<\/div>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-6\">\u201cBut once we move to the moon, this should really be driven by civilian organizations to ensure that peaceful purposes are maintained,\u201d he said.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<div id=\"aside-0\" data-aside-index=\"0\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section data-ad-section=\"6\">\n<aside><\/aside>\n<\/section>\n<section data-content-section=\"16\">\n<div>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-0\">Some leading military strategists, however, say there is simply too much at stake in the space race to leave it to civilians, and that the Pentagon will likely be compelled to take on a bigger role.<\/div>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-0\"><\/div>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-1\">China\u2019s space agency has made significant strides in its plan to develop the moon, including landing the first spacecraft on the south pole in 2019. It also plans at least three additional robotic missions, beginning in 2024, to build a lunar base, with missions involving taikonauts to follow.<\/div>\n<aside data-content-child-index=\"0-2\">\n<section>\n<div>\n<div><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.ph\/o\/dF37I\/https:\/\/www.politico.com\/news\/2021\/12\/31\/2022-space-race-china-us-526271\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-tracking=\"mpos=&amp;mid=&amp;lindex=&amp;lcol=\"><picture><source type=\"image\/webp\" \/><source \/><img decoding=\"async\" title=\"In this photo released by Xinhua News Agency, the Shenzhou-13 manned spaceship onto of a Long March-2F carrier rocket prepares to be transferred to the launching area of Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwestern China, Oct. 7, 2021.\" src=\"https:\/\/archive.ph\/dF37I\/02288163072efc023dfede5df9b1dc01843cb8d5.jpg\" alt=\"In this photo released by Xinhua News Agency, the Shenzhou-13 manned spaceship onto of a Long March-2F carrier rocket prepares to be transferred to the launching area of Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwestern China, Oct. 7, 2021.\" data-image-size=\"small1x125\" \/><\/picture><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/aside>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-3\">Proponents for a more muscular U.S. military say they fear China cannot be trusted to pursue only peaceful aims and could use its space program for both economic and military advantage, including a new partnership with Russia to build a moon base.<\/div>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-4\">\u201cPower abhors a vacuum,\u201d said Peter Garretson, a retired Air Force lieutenant colonel and space strategist who is now a senior fellow in defense studies at the American Foreign Policy Council. \u201cYou should expect that other actors will act in ways that favor their interests to the exclusion of others.\u201d<\/div>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-4\"><\/div>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-5\">\u201cI think we all hope that NASA will rise to the occasion again and be able to perform that traditional exploration role,\u201d he added. \u201cBut with the slipping of budgets and slipping the timelines, I think there is some concern as to whether or not NASA is scaling its efforts and will be able to rise to the occasion.\u201d<\/div>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-6\">The Space Force maintains it is interested only in developing the means for \u201cdomain awareness,\u201d not exploration.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-6\"><\/div>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-6\">That means \u201cdemonstrating technologies that will ensure we can sense and make sense of anything happening beyond\u201d Earth orbit, a spokesperson said in a statement.<\/div>\n<section data-content-section=\"16\">\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-8\">\u201cAs our nation reaches farther and farther into space, the U.S. Space Force must be prepared to protect our nation\u2019s interests and provide the capabilities needed for security and stability wherever that may take us,\u201d the statement said.<\/div>\n<h3 data-content-child-index=\"0-9\">Dreams come true?<\/h3>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-10\">Visions of troops operating on and around the moon have long been\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.ph\/o\/dF37I\/https:\/\/www.politico.com\/news\/magazine\/2020\/05\/23\/space-force-netflix-steve-carell-274951\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" aria-label=\"popular fodder for Hollywood (opens in a new window)\" data-debug-source-site=\"POLITICO\" data-debug-source-uuid=\"00000172-3ded-d57a-ad7b-7fefb7b50003\" data-tracking=\"mpos=&amp;mid=&amp;lindex=&amp;lcol=\">popular fodder for Hollywood<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.ph\/o\/dF37I\/https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Moon-War-Bob-Davey\/dp\/1596635797\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" aria-label=\"science-fiction novels (opens in a new window)\" data-tracking=\"mpos=&amp;mid=&amp;lindex=&amp;lcol=\">science-fiction novels<\/a>. But real military designs on the moon\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.ph\/o\/dF37I\/https:\/\/nsarchive2.gwu.edu\/NSAEBB\/NSAEBB479\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" aria-label=\"also date back decades (opens in a new window)\" data-tracking=\"mpos=&amp;mid=&amp;lindex=&amp;lcol=\">also date back decades<\/a>.<\/div>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-11\">During the Cold War, the Army and Air Force studied the potential for a lunar outpost as well as a \u201cLunar Based Earth Bombardment System.\u201d They even looked at conducting nuclear tests on the moon.<\/div>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-11\"><\/div>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-11\">In more recent years, the military has played a supporting role in research, including helping to design the <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.ph\/o\/dF37I\/https:\/\/solarsystem.nasa.gov\/missions\/clementine\/in-depth\/%23:~:text=Clementine%20was%20the%20first%20U.S.,asteroid%20flyby%20to%20be%20canceled.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" aria-label=\"Clementine spacecraft (opens in a new window)\" data-tracking=\"mpos=&amp;mid=&amp;lindex=&amp;lcol=\">Clementine spacecraft<\/a>\u00a0that surveyed the moon in the 1990s.<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section data-content-section=\"22\">\n<div>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-1\">But lunar operations have never loomed larger in military plans than they do now.<\/div>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-2\">The recent\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.ph\/o\/dF37I\/https:\/\/media.defense.gov\/2020\/Nov\/09\/2002531998\/-1\/-1\/0\/CSO%20PLANNING%20GUIDANCE.PDF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" aria-label=\"planning guidance (opens in a new window)\" data-tracking=\"mpos=&amp;mid=&amp;lindex=&amp;lcol=\">planning guidance<\/a>\u00a0from Chief of Space Operations Gen. Jay Raymond calls for \u201can order of magnitude expansion of our ability to sense, communicate and act to protect and defend American interests in cislunar space and beyond.\u201d<\/div>\n<aside data-content-child-index=\"0-3\">\n<figure>\n<div><picture><source type=\"image\/webp\" media=\"(min-width: 321px)\" \/><source media=\"(min-width: 321px)\" \/><source type=\"image\/webp\" media=\"(max-width: 320px)\" \/><source media=\"(max-width: 320px)\" \/><source type=\"image\/webp\" \/><source \/><img decoding=\"async\" title=\"Gen. John Raymond speaks at a ceremony in Washington.\" src=\"https:\/\/archive.ph\/dF37I\/d1eaa9a0fd91483f1cf1213b2329901db21c2764.jpg\" alt=\"Gen. John Raymond speaks at a ceremony in Washington.\" data-image-size=\"articleStandard\" \/><\/picture><\/div><figcaption>\n<div>Gen. John Raymond speaks at a ceremony to commemorate the first birthday of the U.S. Space Force at the Eisenhower Executive Office Building on the White House complex, Dec. 18, 2020, in Washington. | Andrew Harnik\/AP Photo<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/aside>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-4\">The new role is also enshrined in a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.ph\/o\/dF37I\/https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/atoms\/files\/nasa_ussf_mou_21_sep_20.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" aria-label=\"memorandum of understanding (opens in a new window)\" data-tracking=\"mpos=&amp;mid=&amp;lindex=&amp;lcol=\">memorandum of understanding<\/a>\u00a0between NASA and the Space Force that stipulates that the military branch\u2019s \u201csphere of interest will extend to 272,000 miles and beyond, at least to the far side of the moon \u2014 more than a tenfold increase in range and 1,000-fold expansion in service volume.\u201d<\/div>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-5\">One of the biggest proponents for such an expansive role is Space Force Lt. Gen. John Shaw, the deputy commander of U.S. Space Command. The organization, reestablished in 2019, is in charge of all military operations beyond 100 kilometers from the Earth\u2019s surface.<\/div>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-6\">Shaw, when he was an Air Force major more than two decades ago, argued that NASA was not best-suited to lead the exploration of deep space.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<div id=\"aside-2\" data-aside-index=\"2\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section data-ad-section=\"22\">\n<aside><\/aside>\n<\/section>\n<section data-content-section=\"33\">\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-0\">\u201cThis is counter to traditional American approaches to exploring and exploiting new territory. It is also counter to common sense,\u201d\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.ph\/o\/dF37I\/https:\/\/media.defense.gov\/2017\/May\/05\/2001742912\/-1\/-1\/0\/FP_0008_WORDEN_SHAW_WHITHER_SPACE_POWER.PDF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" aria-label=\"Shaw co-wrote in a 2002 paper (opens in a new window)\" data-tracking=\"mpos=&amp;mid=&amp;lindex=&amp;lcol=\">Shaw co-wrote in a 2002 paper<\/a>. \u201cNASA is a research and technology organization. It has little incentive to develop, open, and protect new areas for commercial exploitation.\u201d<\/div>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-1\">He likened settling the moon to mastering the high seas in the 19th century, when \u201cthe primary purpose of peacetime military forces was to explore, map, and protect exploitation of the unknown portions of the North American continent.\u201d<\/div>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-2\">This week,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.ph\/o\/dF37I\/https:\/\/www.airuniversity.af.edu\/Portals\/10\/AEtherJournal\/Journals\/Volume-1_Issue-1\/06-Shaw.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" aria-label=\"in a journal article published by the Air University (opens in a new window)\" data-tracking=\"mpos=&amp;mid=&amp;lindex=&amp;lcol=\">in a journal article published by the Air University<\/a>\u00a0at Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama, Shaw argued that Space Command\u2019s role must expand into an \u201carea of responsibility\u201d that he defines broadly as \u201castrographic,\u201d which means drawn on the stars.<\/div>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-3\">\u201cThroughout history,\u201d he wrote, \u201cmaritime merchant traffic operated with more confidence knowing a navy was close by to keep things safe and transparent. Similar conditions must be fostered for safeguarding space commerce.\u201d<\/div>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-4\">Shaw, through a spokesperson, did not respond to a request to comment<b>\u00a0<\/b>on how his views have evolved.<\/div>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-5\">There are deepening disagreements about whether such stated ambitions should be central to military planning.<\/div>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-6\">\u201cYou see this concept being put forward as the moon as the next strategic high ground,\u201d said Ali Stickings, a space security analyst at Frazer-Nash, a systems engineering consulting firm in London. \u201cAnd I think some sort of idea as a high ground is taken too literally. That concept is overblown.\u201d<\/div>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-7\">She asserts that there is a much greater need for the military to play a stabilizing role closer to Earth.<\/div>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-8\">\u201cI think sometimes that takes away from the real focus of what militaries are when it comes to space and that is the near-Earth orbits and the assets there that actually support military operation on the ground,\u201d Stickings said, \u201cwhether that is through GPS or communications or Earth observation satellites.\u201d<\/div>\n<h3 data-content-child-index=\"0-9\">Treaty questions<\/h3>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-10\">There are international limits on what operations militaries can conduct in cislunar space.<\/div>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-11\">The\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.ph\/o\/dF37I\/https:\/\/www.unoosa.org\/oosa\/en\/ourwork\/spacelaw\/treaties\/introouterspacetreaty.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" aria-label=\"Outer Space Treaty of 1967 (opens in a new window)\" data-tracking=\"mpos=&amp;mid=&amp;lindex=&amp;lcol=\">Outer Space Treaty of 1967<\/a>\u00a0bars weapons of mass destruction and also stipulates that \u201cthe establishment of military bases, installations and fortifications, the testing of any type of weapons and the conduct of military maneuvers on celestial bodies shall be forbidden.\u201d<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section data-ad-section=\"33\">\n<aside><\/aside>\n<\/section>\n<section data-content-section=\"44\">\n<div>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-0\">It does allow military personnel to conduct experiments (thus allowing for a large share of NASA astronauts to be military officers).<\/div>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-1\">\u201cThe use of military personnel for scientific research or for any other peaceful purposes shall not be prohibited,\u201d the treaty says. \u201cThe use of any equipment or facility necessary for peaceful exploration of the moon and other celestial bodies shall also not be prohibited.\u201d<\/div>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-2\">However, there is renewed debate over what would qualify and what might be a violation.<\/div>\n<aside data-content-child-index=\"0-3\">\n<section>\n<div>\n<div><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.ph\/o\/dF37I\/https:\/\/subscriber.politicopro.com\/article\/2022\/02\/u-n-postpones-space-diplomacy-talks-after-russia-asks-for-more-time-00007241\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-tracking=\"mpos=&amp;mid=&amp;lindex=&amp;lcol=\"><picture><source type=\"image\/webp\" \/><source \/><img decoding=\"async\" title=\"Gary Phillips uses a brush and a vacuum to clean the Apollo 16 lunar spacecraft.\" src=\"https:\/\/archive.ph\/dF37I\/2f44d1d416c57d4d5f8bcaa755a2106b9fe5340d.jpg\" alt=\"Gary Phillips uses a brush and a vacuum to clean the Apollo 16 lunar spacecraft.\" data-image-size=\"small1x125\" \/><\/picture><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<div>For example, a project being pursued by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency called the Novel Orbital and Moon Manufacturing, Materials and Mass-efficient Design, or NOM4D, has raised some flags.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/aside>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-5\">One of the project\u2019s goals will be to study \u201cresources obtained from the moon\u2019s surface as they apply to future defense missions,\u201d the agency said,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.ph\/o\/dF37I\/https:\/\/www.darpa.mil\/news-events\/2021-02-05\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" aria-label=\"depicting on its website what looks like (opens in a new window)\" data-tracking=\"mpos=&amp;mid=&amp;lindex=&amp;lcol=\">depicting on its website<b>\u00a0<\/b>what looks like<\/a>\u00a0a military outpost on the moon.<\/div>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-6\">While the Pentagon insists it has no intention of using the moon for staging combat operations, some critics say it is sending a mixed message.<\/div>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-7\">\u201cThat image shows the intent to contravene the Outer Space Treaty,\u201d Boley said of DARPA\u2019s envisioned lunar outpost. \u201cThat potentially could be just misconstrued by other players.\u201d<\/div>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-8\">Other moon-related military plans include the announcement this month by the Air Force Research Laboratory that it is planning to develop a lunar surveillance system, known as the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.ph\/o\/dF37I\/https:\/\/www.afrl.af.mil\/News\/Photos\/igphoto\/2002556344\/mediaid\/4752579\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" aria-label=\"Cislunar Highway Patrol System (opens in a new window)\" data-tracking=\"mpos=&amp;mid=&amp;lindex=&amp;lcol=\">Cislunar Highway Patrol System<\/a>.<\/div>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-9\">The lab, which supports the Space Force and Space Command and last year outlined\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.ph\/o\/dF37I\/https:\/\/www.afrl.af.mil\/Portals\/90\/Documents\/RV\/A%20Primer%20on%20Cislunar%20Space_Dist%20A_PA2021-1271.pdf?ver=vs6e0sE4PuJ51QC-15DEfg%3D%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" aria-label=\"a broad vision (opens in a new window)\" data-tracking=\"mpos=&amp;mid=&amp;lindex=&amp;lcol=\">a broad vision<\/a>\u00a0for military operations in cislunar space,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.ph\/o\/dF37I\/https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=yOnPBE1rZNY\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" aria-label=\"declared that the project (opens in a new window)\" data-tracking=\"mpos=&amp;mid=&amp;lindex=&amp;lcol=\">declared that the project<\/a>\u00a0is \u201ctaking our reach to the far side of the moon.\u201d<\/div>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-10\">The Space Force has also partnered with the Air Force Research Laboratory to test a lunar spy satellite known as the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.ph\/o\/dF37I\/https:\/\/breakingdefense.com\/2020\/11\/space-force-afrl-to-demo-mobile-lunar-spy-sat\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" aria-label=\"Defense Deep Space Sentinel (opens in a new window)\" data-tracking=\"mpos=&amp;mid=&amp;lindex=&amp;lcol=\">Defense Deep Space Sentinel<\/a>\u00a0to conduct reconnaissance in and around the moon, including to spot old spacecraft or other discarded components that could endanger future missions.<\/div>\n<aside data-content-child-index=\"0-11\">\n<figure>\n<div><picture><source type=\"image\/webp\" media=\"(min-width: 321px)\" \/><source media=\"(min-width: 321px)\" \/><source type=\"image\/webp\" media=\"(max-width: 320px)\" \/><source media=\"(max-width: 320px)\" \/><source type=\"image\/webp\" \/><source \/><img decoding=\"async\" title=\"A solider wears a U.S. Space Force uniform.\" src=\"https:\/\/archive.ph\/dF37I\/7988c63125809cb00b5a7c9180deda1a99c132d5.jpg\" alt=\"A solider wears a U.S. Space Force uniform.\" data-image-size=\"articleStandard\" \/><\/picture><\/div><figcaption>\n<div>A solider wears a U.S. Space Force uniform during a ceremony for U.S. Air Force airmen transitioning to U.S. Space Force guardian designations at Travis Air Force Base, California, on Feb. 12, 2021. | Noah Berger, File\/AP Photo<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/aside>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-12\">\u201cThe Defense Deep Space Sentinel is also suspect because there is no current need for debris removal in cislunar space, and there is unlikely to be any such need for decades to come,\u201d Boley co-wrote\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.ph\/o\/dF37I\/https:\/\/thebulletin.org\/premium\/2022-01\/cis-lunar-space-and-the-security-dilemma\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" aria-label=\"in a recent essay (opens in a new window)\" data-tracking=\"mpos=&amp;mid=&amp;lindex=&amp;lcol=\">in a recent essay<\/a>\u00a0published by the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<div id=\"aside-4\" data-aside-index=\"4\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section data-ad-section=\"44\">\n<aside><\/aside>\n<\/section>\n<section data-content-section=\"55\">\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-0\">Military space leaders say they are aware of the need to clearly delineate what the military and civilian roles need to be.<\/div>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-1\">\u201cThose discussions are very important and are starting now and will continue as we evolve what our mission is going to be in this area,\u201d the Space Force\u2019s Felt said.<\/div>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-2\">He added that the Space Force \u201cclearly envisions that we will need to do some kind of operations up there. The Outer Space Treaty is pretty clear we are not going to have a military base on the moon, so that\u2019s off the table.\u201d<\/div>\n<h3 data-content-child-index=\"0-3\">A \u2018cislunar footprint\u2019<\/h3>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-4\">But support is building to for the military to do much more than just conduct surveillance on and around the moon.<\/div>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-5\">A\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.ph\/o\/dF37I\/https:\/\/assets.ctfassets.net\/3nanhbfkr0pc\/43TeQTAmdYrym5DTDrhjd3\/1218bd749befdde511ac2c900db3a43b\/Space_Industrial_Base_Workshop_2021_Summary_Report_-_Final_15_Nov_2021.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" aria-label=\"recent assessment (opens in a new window)\" data-tracking=\"mpos=&amp;mid=&amp;lindex=&amp;lcol=\">recent assessment<\/a>\u00a0of the space industrial base sponsored by the Defense Innovation Unit, the Pentagon\u2019s Silicon Valley outpost, mentions cislunar space 115 times.<\/div>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-6\">And officers\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.ph\/o\/dF37I\/https:\/\/spaceforcejournal.org\/posturing-space-forces-for-operations-beyond-geo\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" aria-label=\"writing in the leading academic journal (opens in a new window)\" data-tracking=\"mpos=&amp;mid=&amp;lindex=&amp;lcol=\">writing in the leading academic journal<\/a>\u00a0dedicated to the Space Force have recommended a series of new military technologies or tools, including \u201clogistical spacecraft\u201d and a moon supply depot, or \u201cmothership.\u201d<\/div>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-7\">Such technology \u201crequires early concept and technology investment so military space forces are prepared to provide space security,\u201d they argued. \u201cThe USSF should develop spacecraft capable of rendezvous and proximity operations for logistical resupply and it should begin now to partner with companies who are building a cislunar footprint.\u201d<\/div>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-8\">The Space Force is also working closely with NASA and commercial space companies to study how the military could develop a more sustained presence much farther into space.<\/div>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-9\">\u201cAs we venture further from the Earth, we need more of these logistics-type capabilities like refueling, assembly, servicing,\u201d Felt said.<\/div>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-10\">For experts such as Boley, however, that increases the chances of militarizing the moon race.<\/div>\n<div data-content-child-index=\"0-11\">\u201cThere is nothing inherently wrong with space debris removal and recovery technology, provided it is used for peaceful purposes only,\u201d according to the article he co-wrote this year. \u201cBut such technology is inherently \u2018dual use\u2019 and could be employed to interfere with other spacecraft.\u201d<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section data-ad-section=\"55\">\n<aside><\/aside>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>The paper called on the Biden administration to cancel such programs \u201cor reassign them to NASA so as to avoid the potentially destabilizing militarization of cislunar space.\u201d<\/div>\n<div>Boley added in an interview that while Earth orbit has already been militarized, \u201cwe haven\u2019t done that yet with cislunar space. Let\u2019s make cislunar space that demarcation that we shouldn\u2019t cross.\u201d<\/div>\n<div>In the meantime, the Space Force is preparing for its moon portfolio to substantially grow.<\/div>\n<div>\u201cI envision lots of other technology development projects focused on this over the next 10 to 15 years if the Space Force decides this is an operational capability they need and we start to flesh that out,\u201d Felt said.<\/div>\n<div>For example, his lab is carrying out a study with the Space Force Warfighting Analysis Center on the additional capabilities that would be needed if the military plans to operate on and around the moon.<\/div>\n<div>\u201cWhat can be done from the Earth? What needs to be done from a space-based asset?\u201d he asked. \u201cIt can\u2019t all be done from the Earth. How do you know where you are? How do you communicate? How do you navigate? How do you autonomously operate up there? What kind of sensors do you need? What kind of logistics support do you need?\u201d<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>He added: \u201cThere are hard problems that need to be solved to make sure we can operate up there.\u201d<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Quip O&#8217; The Day &#8220;Hope we spend more time on propulsion than on pronouns.&#8221; Moon battle: New Space Force plans raise fears over militarizing the lunar surface. The battle is on for the moon. The U.S. military is investing in new technologies to build large structures on the lunar surface. It\u2019s designing a spy satellite &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/milesfortis.com\/?p=78692\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,91],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-78692","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-military","category-snark-o-the-day"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/milesfortis.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78692","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/milesfortis.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/milesfortis.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milesfortis.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milesfortis.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=78692"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/milesfortis.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78692\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":78693,"href":"https:\/\/milesfortis.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78692\/revisions\/78693"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/milesfortis.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=78692"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milesfortis.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=78692"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milesfortis.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=78692"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}