October 22

451 – The Chalcedonian Creed, a further refinement of the original Nicene Creed of 325 A.D.  that defines that Christ is acknowledged in two natures, truly God and truly Man, which come together into one person and one hypostasis, is adopted by the 4th ecumenical council held at Chalcedon in what is now modern western Turkey.

1746 – The College of New Jersey, later renamed Princeton University,  is chartered

1777 – During the Revolutionary War, American defenders of Fort Mercer  on the left, New Jersey side, of the Delaware River just south of Philadelphia, repulse several attacks by Hessian mercenary forces, delaying British plans to consolidate gains in Philadelphia, and relieving pressure on General Washington’s forces to the north of the city.

1784 – Russia founds a colony on Kodiak Island, Alaska.

1836 – Sam Houston is inaugurated as the first President of the Republic of Texas.

1879 – Using a filament of carbonized thread, Thomas Edison tests the first practical electric incandescent light bulb with it lasting over 13 hours before burning out.

1883 – The Metropolitan Opera House in New York City opens with a performance of Gounod’s Faust.

1884 – The International Meridian Conference designates the Royal Observatory, Greenwich as the world’s prime meridian.

1907 – A run on the stock of the Knickerbocker Trust Company sets events in motion that will spark the financial Panic of 1907.

1934 – Charles ‘Pretty Boy’ Floyd is shot and killed by FBI agents led by Melvin Purvis in a corn field in East Liverpool, Ohio

1962 – President Kennedy announces to the public that American reconnaissance planes have discovered Soviet nuclear weapons in Cuba, and that he has ordered a naval quarantine of the island.

1981 – The United States Federal Labor Relations Authority votes to decertify the Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization (PATCO) for its strike the previous August.

1983 – Two correctional officers are killed by inmates at the United States Penitentiary in Marion, Illinois. The incident inspires the Supermax model of prisons.

2012 – Cyclist Lance Armstrong is formally stripped of his 7 Tour de France titles after being charged for doping.

2015 – During hostage rescue operations near Hawijah, Iraq, in which then U.S. Army Sergeant First Class Thomas Payne, for his actions, becomes the first living member of 1st Special Forces Operational Detachment- Delta, to be awarded the Medal of Honor; U.S. Army Master Sergeant Joshua Wheeler, also a Delta Operator, is killed in action and is posthumously awarded the Silver Star for gallantry in action and later, as a member of the Cherokee Nation, awarded its Medal of Patriotism.