November 10

1444 – Near the city of Varna in eastern Bulgaria, King Władysław III of Poland and Hungary is killed as his army is defeated by the Turk army of Sultan Murad II

1674 – As provided in the Treaty of Westminster, ending the Third Anglo-Dutch War, the Netherlands cedes New Netherland  –  coastal areas of modern New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Rhode Island and Connecticut – to England.

1702 – English colonists under the command of James Moore, Governor of Carolina, besiege the Spanish city of St. Augustine, Florida, during Queen Anne’s War.

1766 – The last colonial governor of New Jersey, William Franklin, signs the charter of Queen’s College, later renamed Rutgers University.

1775 – The Second Continental Congress establishes the Continental Marines with the first enlistees signing up at Tun Tavern in Philadelphia.

1821 – Rufina Alfaro leads a protest march at La Villa de Los Santos, Panama against Spanish rule setting into motion a revolt which leads to Panama’s independence from Spain and becoming part of Colombia.

1865 – Major Henry Wirz, the superintendent of a prison camp in Andersonville, Georgia, is executed for war crimes.

1871 – Henry Morton Stanley locates missing missionary, Dr. David Livingstone near Lake Tanganyika, greeting him with the words, “Dr. Livingstone, I presume?“.

1918 – At Le Francport, France, the German delegation for an armistice between the Entente Powers and Germany receives news that Kaiser Wilhelm had earlier abdicated the throne and orders from General von Hindenburg to sign an armistice agreement as soon as possible.

1942 – During World War II, Germany invades Vichy France following French Admiral François Darlan’s agreement to an armistice with the Allies in North Africa.

1944 – The ammunition ship USS Mount Hood explodes at Seeadler Harbor in the Admiralty Islands, killing 432 sailors and wounding 371 more.

1951 – With the rollout of the North American Numbering Plan, NPA- Numbering Plan Area (3 digit area code), NXX- Numerical Exchange (3 digit central office exchange using the first 2 letters of the code name for a central office ( e.g. 86 = UNiversity , 83 = TEmple, 88 = TUxedo) direct dial, coast to coast, telephone service begins in the United States.

1954 – President Eisenhower dedicates the USMC War Memorial depicting the raising of the U.S. Flag on Mount Suribachi, in Arlington Ridge Park in Arlington County, Virginia.

1958 – The 45.5 carat type IIb, Hope Diamond is donated to the Smithsonian Institution by New York diamond merchant Harry Winston.

1969 – Sesame Street debuts on the National Educational Television network, later renamed the Public Broadcasting Service

1970 – For the first time in the five years since major main force combat operations began, an entire week ends with no reports of American combat fatalities in Southeast Asia.

1972 – Southern Airways Flight 49, a Douglas DC-9, enroute from Memphis to Miami is hijacked after takeoff from a scheduled stop in Birmingham, Alabama, by 3 wanted men who force the crew to fly to Havana, Cuba where they are arrested and imprisoned for 8 years before being returned to the U.S. to serve additional 20-25 year prison terms.

1975 – On Lake Superior, the freighter SS Edmund Fitzgerald sinks during a storm, killing all 29 crew on board.

1983 – Bill Gates introduces Windows 1.0

1985 – A Nabisco company Dassault Falcon executive jet and a Air Pegasus owned Piper PA-28 Archer, collide in midair over Teterboro Airport, crashing near Fairview, New Jersey, killing all 6 passengers and crew aboard the aircrafts, 1 person on the ground and injuring 8 more.

1989 – Germans begin to tear down the Berlin Wall.

1997 – WorldCom and MCI Communications announce a $37 billion merger, the largest corporate merger in US history at the time.

2002 – A tornado outbreak stretching from Northern Ohio to the Gulf Coast is one of the largest outbreaks recorded in November, with 88 tornadoes hitting 17 states, including 12 tornadoes that kill 36 people in five states.

2006 – The National Museum of the Marine Corps in Quantico, Virginia is opened and dedicated by President Bush, who announces that Marine Corporal Jason Dunham will posthumously receive the Medal of Honor.

2019 – President of Bolivia Evo Morales and several of his government resign after 19 days of civil protests and a recommendation from the military.