July 3

1035 – William the Conqueror becomes the Duke of Normandy.

1754 – Colonel George Washington surrenders Fort Necessity to French forces during the French and Indian War.

1767 – Pitcairn Island is discovered by Midshipman Robert Pitcairn aboard HMS Swallow

1775 – General George Washington takes command of the Continental Army, during the Revolutionary War

1778 – During the Revolutionary War, Iroquois allied to Britain, engage troops of the 24th Regiment and  Wyoming Riflemen of the Connecticut Militia supported by Regular Continental troops, wiping out the force and killing more than 360 soldiers and people, which included men, women and children in Exeter and Wyoming, Pennsylvania

1819 – The Bank for Savings in the City of New-York, the first savings bank in the U.S., opens for business.

1839 – The first state normal school in the U.S., the forerunner to today’s Framingham State University, opens in Lexington, Massachusetts with three students.

1852 – Congress establishes the United States mint in San Francisco

1863 – The final day of the Battle of Gettysburg culminates with Pickett’s Charge against the center of the Union Army’s line.

1884 – Dow Jones & Company publishes its first stock average.

1886 – The New-York Tribune becomes the first newspaper to use a linotype machine, eliminating typesetting by hand. Later, the alloy is found to be excellent for making bullets for high powered custom handguns.

1890 – Idaho is admitted as the 43rd state.

1898 – A Spanish squadron, led by Pascual Cervera y Topete, is defeated by an American squadron under William T. Sampson in the Battle of Santiago de Cuba during the Spanish-American War.

1913 – Confederate veterans at the Great Reunion of 1913 reenact Pickett’s Charge; upon reaching the high water mark of the Confederacy on the battlefield, they are met by the outstretched hands of friendship from Union veterans of the battle.

1938 – President Roosevelt dedicates the Eternal Light Peace Memorial and lights the eternal flame at Gettysburg Battlefield.

1952 – The United States Lines’, passenger liner, SS United States sets sail from New York Harbor on her maiden voyage to Southampton. During the voyage, the ship breaks the standing speed record for an Atlantic crossing and takes the Blue Riband award from the RMS Queen Mary, retaining it and the Hales Trophy for the feat without ever being surpassed.

1979 – President Carter signs the first directive for clandestine aid to the opponents of the pro Soviet regime in Kabul Afghanistan.

1988 –Fleet Air Defense officers aboard the guided missile cruiser USS Vincennes mistakenly shoot down Iran Air Flight 655 over the Persian Gulf, killing all 290 passengers and crew aboard

 

Suspected home intruder shot by Colorado Springs resident, dies

COLORADO SPRINGS, Colo. (KKTV) – A home invasion turned shooting is under investigation.

Around 7:45 p.m. Tuesday, the Colorado Springs Police Department responded to a burglary on Nebula Court, in the Bear Creek neighborhood. The homeowner told police that an unknown man entered his home. Police say the homeowner then shot the person, who fled the home.

The shot person, who has not yet been publicly identified, was later found by officers. He was taken to the hospital where he died.

The homicide unit is now investigating this death. We will update this article as we learn more.

Michelle Obama Takes Time From Opulent Greek Isles Vacation to Tweet About Muh Oppression.

Everyone in life faces disadvantages of one form or another. Almost all children get called an unpleasant name or two in grade school. Some are oppressed by a drunk, abusive, or absent parent. Others may be trapped in horrific schools or extreme poverty. Still others are simply not gifted with high IQs or the ambition to work hard and succeed. The list of reasons why most people don’t go to Ivy League schools and then on to lucrative careers is long, and “oppression” comes in many forms.

If you are the first black White House family, oppression takes the shape of having only two exclusive island waterfront mansions in which to spend your days. Sometimes, you simply must jet to the Greek isles to vacation with your Hollywood besties at their Aegean private island manse. People covered the former first family’s sad exile these past few weeks:

Barack Obama and Tom Hanks can’t turn down a holiday in the sun together.

The 44th president, 61, as well as former first lady Michelle Obama, 59, and their daughters, Sasha, 22, and Malia, 24, met up with some famous friends for lunch on the Greek Island of Sifnos, as captured in photos obtained by theDaily Mail.

The family were spotted dining seaside with Tom Hanks and his wife Rita Wilson while both parties enjoyed a summer outing on the Aegean Sea.…

The group were reportedly shuttled to the picturesque restaurant from a yacht docked nearby, according to the Mail. And it’s not the first time the famous friends have met up aboard a luxury ship.

Barack, Michelle and Hanks previously enjoyed a vacation outing aboard billionaire music mogul Dave Geffen’s personal yacht in French Polynesia in April 2017. At that glamorous meetup, they were also joined by Oprah and Bruce Springsteen.

Geffen’s 450-foot vessel, The Rising Sun, was the 11th largest yacht in the world at the time and valued at an estimated $300 million.

One’s heart convulses with sympathy at the thought of these oppressed victims, doing their best to get by, struggling through their dreary, opportunity-free life aboard a yacht or on a terrace, bathed in gentle Mediterranean breezes. But for the most part, the plucky Obamas have borne their burden with quiet dignity.

The final straw for Lady Michelle of Oahu and Martha’s Vineyard was the racist, racist decision by the racist Supreme Court that Universities may not discriminate against Asian or white applicants. Such racist, oppressive racism was simply too much, and the former First Lady took to Twitter with her thoughts. Let’s take a look-see:

Michelle starts off strong by enunciating one of the many evils inherent to the practice of affirmative action:

Back in college, I was one of the few Black students on my campus, and I was proud of getting into such a respected school. I knew I’d worked hard for it. But still, I sometimes wondered if people thought I got there because of affirmative action. It was a shadow that students like me couldn’t shake, whether those doubts came from the outside or inside our own minds.

That right there is reason enough to outlaw the pernicious practice. It’s now impossible to see a black woman in a prominent position without suspecting that she does not merit it. This is destructive to her authority as well as her own self-confidence. And it harms the people affected by her decisions if, in fact, she is not the best person for the job.

Does Michelle imagine that her family would ever have seen the inside of the White House if they were white? That a first-term senator — with zero executive experience and enough serious ties to known communists and domestic terrorists to make him unlikely to get basic security clearance — was an attractive candidate otherwise?

(As an aside, if I ever need a serious operation, I will choose an Asian or white male doctor because I know he must be an absolute wizard if he was able to get into medical school.)

Mrs. Obama goes on to decry the advantage kids with rich parents have, to which we utter a collective, “No sh*t, Sherlock.” By the way, how did Sasha and Malia enjoy their one-percenter vacation, Michelle?

“Today is a reminder that we’ve got to do the work not just to enact policies that reflect our values of equity and fairness, but to truly make those values real in all of our schools, workplaces, and neighborhoods,” intones the island girl. Perhaps she should blaze an equity trail by selling one of the high-end properties in her family’s portfolio and sponsoring some promising scholars whose skin color she judges worthy.

I don’t know whether this is real or not, but it sure sounds nice.


Ask Amy: We told him not to come to the wedding, but we still wanted his money

Dear Amy: Four months before my daughter’s wedding, she told me that her uncle (my brother, “Dave”) would make her feel unsafe if he was a guest. She asked me not to invite him.

My daughter is very politically progressive, as are many of her friends, and although she and Dave have always had a good relationship (I thought), he is a conservative voter and has supported candidates we all abhor. Dave has always been very nice, so my daughter’s request surprised me.

I wrote Dave a very nice note, telling him that we would not be comfortable with him at the wedding and that he would not be invited. Dave did not respond and did not attend. Afterward, I sent him a card and pictures from the wedding, all in an effort to make him feel like he was not being totally left out. I have not heard from Dave since then. When my siblings found out what I had done they were angry with me. That is just one problem.

Another problem is that Dave has not sent my daughter and son-in-law a wedding gift. In the past, Dave has given family members wedding checks in excess of $1,000. She says she was counting on receiving the same type of gift. My husband says I should drop it – but I can’t. Dave’s behavior is upsetting and embarrassing to me. How can I get my brother to recognize and change his petty behavior?

Please don’t tell me that I’m the one who started this by not inviting my brother to the wedding. After all, he’s a grown man, while my daughter is young and just starting out.

– Angry in Philadelphia

Dear Angry: Let’s recap: Your delicate daughter is too frightened to be near a conservative voter to allow her uncle “Dave” to attend her wedding. She then asks you to do her dirty work for her, and (of course) you do!

Fine – so far, we have only a bride’s prerogative to create her own guest list, and her mother’s choice to protect her from any consequences, which is your prerogative. You then rub the excluded guest’s nose in this wedding by sending him photos of the event to which he has pointedly not been invited.

But it’s your second “problem” which I believe will enter the Bridezilla Hall of Infamy. In short: Brides who are too afraid of family members to invite them to a family wedding don’t then get the pleasure of receiving their money.

You seem almost as afraid of your daughter as she is of your brother, but I hope you’ll find a way to courageously tell her that the Bank of Uncle Dave is closed, at least to your branch of the family. So far, your silent brother is the only family member who is behaving appropriately. He’s steering clear, which is exactly what you have asked him to do.

BLUF
Note: Readers might recall Garland’s response last week came in the same press conference in which he claimed that questioning an AG or the DoJ is the same thing as undermining democracy. Now we can glimpse a reason for Garland’s panicked hyperbole; the whistleblowers are exposing the truth about Garland’s corrupt administration of the DoJ.

Hunter prosecutor: IRS whistleblower is … telling the truth?

And here we thought the State Department report on Joe Biden’s disgrace in Afghanistan was the long-holiday Friday night document dump. That turned out to only be an appetizer, however. US Attorney David Weiss, the man behind the very lenient and very convenient plea deal for Hunter Biden, finally responded to House Judiciary chair Jim Jordan’s demand for an answer to whistleblower accusations that he and Merrick Garland misled Congress on the extent of his authority and independence.

Weiss rebutted that claim by, er … admitting to it? Read for yourself:

Relevant portion transcribed below:

As the U.S. Attorney for the District of Delaware, my charging authority is limited to my home district. If venue for a case lies elsewhere, common Departmental practice is to contact the United States Attorney’s Office for the district in question and determine whether it wants to partner on the case. If not, I may request Special Attorney status from the Attorney General pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 515. Here, I have been assured that, if necessary after the above process, I would be granted § 515 in the District of Columbia, the Central District of California, or any other district where charges could be brought in this matter.

That matches up a lot more closely to the claims from IRS whistleblowers Gary Shapley et al than to what Merrick Garland told Congress and the public. A week ago, Garland insisted that Weiss had already been granted that kind of authority (via Twitchy, see note at end):

Continue reading “”

July 2

1494 – The Treaty of Tordesillas is ratified. This divided newly discovered lands outside Europe between the Portuguese and the Spanish along a meridian 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde islands in the Atlantic Ocean.

1776 – The Second Continental Congress adopts a resolution offered by Richard Henry Lee of Virginia, severing political ties with the Kingdom of Great Britain.

1881 – Charles J. Guiteau shoots and fatally wounds President Garfield, who dies of complications on September 19.

1890 – The U.S. Congress passes the Sherman Antitrust Act to regulate free competition in commerce.

1897 – British-Italian engineer Guglielmo Marconi obtains a patent for a radio transceiver in London.

1900 – A lighter than air ship designed and constructed by Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin of Germany makes its first flight on Lake Constance near Friedrichshafen.

1921 – President Harding signs the Knox–Porter Resolution formally ending the war between the United States and Germany.

1937 – Amelia Earhart and Fred Noonan disappear over the Pacific ocean on their flight around the world.

1962 – The first Walmart store opens for business in Rogers, Arkansas.

1976 – Communist North Vietnam annexes the former South Vietnam to form the unified Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

1990 –  1,400 moslim pilgrims are suffocated to death and trampled during a stampede in a pedestrian tunnel from the ‘tent city’ of Mina into Mecca.

1994 – USAir Flight 1016,  a McDonnell Douglas DC-9, crashes near Charlotte Douglas International Airport, North Carolina, killing 37 of the 52 passengers, and injuring the other 20 passengers and crew on board.

2001 – The AbioCor self contained artificial heart is first implanted in patient Robert Tools who lives for another 151 days.

2002 – Steve Fossett becomes the first person to fly solo around the world nonstop in a balloon.

2008 – Íngrid Betancourt, a member of the Chamber of Representatives of Colombia, is released from captivity after being held for six and a half years by FARC.

2013 – The International Astronomical Union names Pluto’s 4th and 5th moons, Kerberos and Styx.

We’ve let these schools raise up a generation or two of snowflake pansies.


If you need therapy after a court rules against you, you shouldn’t be a lawyer.

Make SCOTUS great again: Boston University law students offered therapy after recent rulings.

The work week ended with monumental rulings from the Supreme Court. The hot takes coming from the media are heavy with doom-and-gloom vibes because most of them are liberals.

There is no denying the rulings on the three big cases that deal with affirmative action, religious freedom, and student debt forgiveness, will “re-shape America for generations to come,” as one CNN anchor said this morning. A Washington correspondent for the Atlanta Journal-Constitution said the rulings were made “strictly along ideological lines.” Another anchor noted that Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer, a Democrat, opined that the rulings show that it may be time for “re-shaping the Court.’

The drama. The Supreme Court is following the Constitution and the liberals are emotionally distressed. They have become so accustomed to the Court randomly making law instead of following the Constitution, like Roe v Wade back in 1973, that justices who are originalists are seen as oddities of the right. For example, Joe Biden, who has been humiliated by the rulings, especially the one on student loan bailouts, said the Supreme Court interpreted the Constitution wrong. Imagine the ignorance and arrogance of Biden, who barely graduated from law school, saying the Supreme Court just didn’t understand the Constitution.

The big affirmative action case where the Court ruled that the admissions policies at Harvard and the University of North Carolina “violate the Equal Protections Clause of the 14th Amendment,” was a punch in the gut to those who think discrimination is bad if it is against black and brown students but ok against Asian and white students. That is an over-simplification but it is the core of the system that routinely denied admission to qualified Asian students so that preference could be made for black and Hispanic students. Picking winners and losers based on skin color in college admissions always results in discrimination against someone. We long ago abandoned the dream of Martin Luther King, Jr. that his children would be judged on the content of their character, not the color of their skin. In other words, meritocracy is back in college admissions and that is a good thing. Students deserve admission based on merit, not skin color, and the ability to check a box on an application.

Boston University is trying to cope with the fact that we now have a Supreme Court that follows the Constitution.

“The rulings of the Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS)—in cases addressing the admissions practices at Harvard University and the University of North Carolina—are profoundly disappointing because they take us backward, potentially creating less diverse college campuses and a less just America,” Boston University President Robert A. Brown wrote in a letter sent to the University community shortly after the decision Thursday. “These decisions are antithetical to Boston University’s values and mission.”

Brown added that the University would continue to review the decision “to better understand what it means for our admissions and academic practices and the changes we may be required to make.”

Whenever I think of affirmative action, I am reminded of a line George W. Bush often used in speeches about education – the soft bigotry of low expectations. It is insulting to black and brown students to assume that because of their skin color, they need special consideration. It assumes that all black and brown students come from poverty and few opportunities that others are afforded. Perhaps back when affirmative action first began but not now. There are more middle-class and upper-class minorities now than ever before. Affirmative action was never meant to be a forever policy. It is no longer needed as it once was.

There are ways for colleges to make their own admissions policies, something that Chief Justice Roberts notes. One associate professor at BU School of Law notes the lack of guidance in the ruling.

“It’s hard to say what this means for other colleges and universities because the majority opinion wasn’t all that clear in a lot of important ways,” says Jonathan Feingold, an associate professor of law at the BU School of Law.

“I wouldn’t take this opinion as a reason to take off the table ever considering race again,” Feingold says. “Colleges and universities may just have to do it in a more careful, defined way than what Harvard and UNC did.”

To that end, Chief Justice John G. Roberts, writing in the majority opinion, notes: “Nothing in this opinion should be construed as prohibiting universities from considering an applicant’s discussion of how race affected his or her life, be it through discrimination, inspiration, or otherwise.” In other words, “the student must be treated based on his or her experiences as an individual—not on the basis of race,” he writes.

In order for Boston University law students to be able to cope with a Supreme Court that follows the Constitution, mental health resources are being made available to help them “navigate these times.” The resources are not specialized counseling for students but resources that are already available.

Two of the resources were BU Behavioral Medicine and BU Student Wellbeing. According to its website, BU Behavioral Medicine offers therapy, on-call service for mental health emergencies and mental health diagnoses, among other services.

The student government criticized the decision in 303 Creative LLC. v. Elenis, which gave a Christian web designer the right to deny services to same-sex couples. It also condemned Biden v. Nebraska, which ruled President Biden’s proposed student loan forgiveness plan was unconstitutional.

“These three decisions form part of a lengthy sequence of this court’s ruling which steadily erode the rights of marginalized communities and undermine the very diversity upon which our nation was built,” the SGA argued.

The group that has benefitted the most from affirmative action policies is women. On today’s college campuses, women students often outnumber men. In 2022, for example, there were almost two women attending college for every man. It was the highest recorded gender imbalance favoring women in U.S. college enrollment. To hear the left speak, affirmative action was solely about skin color. That was never true.

It is the Supreme Court of Clarence Thomas now and that is a remarkable change. The correction is long overdue. The left is just going to have to learn to cope with getting back to the Constitution as it was meant to be, not as the left wanted it to be.

Another Financial Attack on Gun Owners

As Americans frequently utilize credit to purchase a wide array of things for everyday living, it should come as no surprise that one anti-Second Amendment congressman has decided that firearms purchases using one form of credit should be illegal. Specifically, it should be illegal for semi-automatic rifles that might fall under the political definition of “assault weapons.”

Rep. John B. Larson (D-Conn.) is attempting to do just this with H.R. 4289, the “Assault Weapons Financing Accountability Act.”

According to the bill’s text, an importer, manufacturer, or retailer selling a firearm under a “Buy Now, Pay Later” (BNPL) financing agreement would be subject to a $100,000 civil fine. Likewise, the purchaser of a firearm bought using BNPL would be subject to the $100,000 civil fine.

In a press release touting this proposed legislation, Larson says, “Banning use of instant financing like BNPL options for assault weapons and the ghost gun kits [to make such rifles] is a step toward reducing the instant accessibility of these weapons and preventing the tragedies of gun violence before they occur.”

The elitism of it all is rather staggering, as Larson is effectively telling Americans they can’t use credit to purchase lawfully made and lawfully sold products. This legislation is certainly in line with other recent attempts by gun-control proponents to attack the right of citizens’ to purchase firearms some people simply do not like by impeding their access to the financial marketplace.

The anti-Second Amendment founder of Mom’s Demand Action, Shannon Watts, for example, is on record proposing that credit-card companies should be able to block their cards from being used to purchase firearm parts.

Closely related to this idea is the announcement by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that it would create a new Merchant Category Code (MCC) specific to firearm and ammunition retailers—and, in the process, likely create a gun registry.

The ISO announcement followed a petition by Amalgamated Bank to create such a code just for gun stores. That petition was supported by some of the top anti-Second Amendment politicians, including Sen. Elizabeth Warren (D-Mass.) and New York Mayor Eric Adams (D), as well as the anti-gun groups Giffords and Guns Down America.

BNPL financing for firearms is offered by the company Credova. A prospective buyer applies for the BNPL financing as part of their firearm purchase. If the BNPL request is approved, the sale goes through.

Larson falsely stated in the press release that the BNPL financing provides “instant access” to firearms. Even if the BNPL purchase is approved, the buyer of the firearm still must successfully pass the required federal firearms background check, as well as any state-applicable checks and requirements, before a firearm can be transferred.

Like so many of the attempts to strangle Second Amendment rights, Larson and his allies claim that the “Assault Weapons Financing Accountability Act” is needed to reduce “mass shootings,” which they insist are being financed by BNPL even though they haven’t produced any data to support this claim.

Given the current political make-up of the U.S. House of Representatives, this bill is unlikely to gain traction. If both chambers of Congress were in line with the Biden administration’s view of our rights, however, then this could certainly become law.

Victim shoots attacker in self-defense

A man is now facing charges in connection with a violent domestic incident in Somers.
State police responded to a home on Summit Circle back on June 13.
They say they found a man who had been shot in the arm and a resident suffering from head trauma.
Both were taken to Westchester Medical Center.
An investigation determined 66-year-old Raymond Lauda had forcibly entered the residence and assaulted the victim.
The victim then fired a rifle in self-defense.
Laudo is charged with burglary, assault, strangulation, criminal possession of a weapon and menacing.
He was released on $25,000.

Senator: Gun-free school zone law is attack on 2nd amendment

A law that would place restrictions on guns in schools was tabled in the Senate Friday after Republican legislators claimed it was unconstitutional and unfair to law-abiding citizens.

House Bill 201, sponsored by Speaker of the House Rep. Pete Schwartzkopf, D-Rehoboth Beach, aims to enable a police officer to act immediately when they see or suspect a person with a gun in a safe school and recreation zone.

“I don’t understand how this bill keeps the bad guys out,” said Sen. Bryant Richardson, R-Seaford. “Ones that have nefarious objectives are going to enter the schools anyway, so how does this do anything?”

The bill cites that as of April 4, 74 people have been killed or injured by guns in schools in 13 separate school shootings across the country this year.

School shootings hit a record high in 2022 with 46 shootings, the bill states, surpassing 2021’s record of 42 shootings. In 2022, 43,450 children experienced a school shooting.

Sen. Dave Lawson, R-Marydel, said the bill was yet another attack on the second amendment.

“Law enforcement has a right to stop anyone if they believe there’s about to be a crime committed; they do not have to wait,” he said. “They can intercede and violence does not have to happen for them to take action, so this bill really has a false premise.”

Under the bill, the crime of possession of a firearm in a safe school and recreation zone is a class E felony, which means the culprit could face up to five years in prison.

Only police officers, constables or active-duty military personnel who are acting in an official capacity are allowed to have a gun in the school zone, per the bill.

However, it allows holders of a valid license to carry concealed weapons only if the firearm is in a vehicle.

Lawson said the bill puts out the idea that a bad actor has free run at a school.

“There’s no one there to stop them and they’ll have free rein to get to our kids and our teachers with free rein as we advertise this is a gun free zone,” Lawson said. “Look at Sandy Hook. The man drove by the schools that had SROs and went to one where there were no guns, it was a free zone. This is not a good idea.”

There have been several incidents of guns found in Delaware schools in the 2022-2023 school year, which led to many districts re-evaluating their safety policies and even one investing in metal detectors for entryways.

The bill also would require a student who possesses a firearm in a Safe School and Recreation Zone to be expelled for at least 90 day. However, it also would give a local school board or charter school board of directors may, on a case-by-case basis, modify the terms of the expulsion.

Schwarzkopf’s bill would include exemptions to the rule. They include if a gun-holder is on private property not part of school grounds; if the firearm is in a locked container or locked firearms rack that is on or in a motor vehicle; or if a gun-holder is engaged in lawful hunting, firearms instruction or firearm-related sports on public lands not belonging to a school.

The bill was laid on the table.

Later, though, it appeared in the house with an amendment from Sen. Brian Pettyjohn, R-Georgetown, to create the offense of possession of a firearm in a Safe Recreation Zone while not changing changing the violation of possession of a firearm as established under the Act.

When it came up in the House, Valerie Longhurst, who knew she was about to be elected speaker of house replacing Schwartzkopf, joked, “This is the last bill of yours I’m running.”

The fate of the bill was the object of curiosity in the House of Representatives, where Schwartzkopf was about to announce he was stepping down from the speaker’s role to spend more time with family.

The Senate also sent bills aiming to prevent child abuse to Gov. John Carney’s desk for his signature.

The threat posed by humans to the natural environment is nothing compared to the threat to humans posed by global environmental policy.
— Fred L. Smith

July 1

1097 – The army of the First Crusade under the command of Prince Behemond of Antioch, defeats the army of Sultan Kilij Arslan at Dorylaeum near modern day Eskişehir, Turkey.

1431 – Forces of King John of Castile engage those of Sultan Muhammed of Granada at La Higueruela scoring a minor victory during the Reconquista of Spain.

1523 – Jan van Essen and Hendrik Vos, the first Lutheran martyrs, are burned at the stake in Brussels.

1770 – Lexell’s Comet, named after the man who computed its orbit – Anders Johan Lexell – is detected as passing closer to the Earth than any other comet in recorded history to that time, approaching to a distance of 0.0146 astronomical units, 1,360,000 miles.

1782 – During the Revolution, the US privateer, Captain Noah Stoddard of Fairhaven, Massachusetts, commanding the 16 gun schooner Scammel, and other privateer vessels raid the British settlement at Lunenburg, Nova Scotia, following maxim #1; Pillage, then Burn, as they first loot, then destroy the town.

1855 – Under the terms of the Quinault Treaty, the Quinault and the Quileute indian tribes of western Washington state cede their lands to the U.S.

1862 – The Battle of Malvern Hill, near Richmond Virginia, takes place; the last of the ‘Seven Days Battles’ of the Union Virginia Peninsula Campaign during the Civil War.

1863 – The Battle of Gettysburg begins

1870 – Having been signed into law on June 22nd, the act forming the United States Department of Justice comes into effect.

1874 – The Sholes and Glidden typewriter, the first commercially successful model, goes on sale.

1881 – The world’s first international telephone call is made between St. Stephen, New Brunswick, Canada, and Calais, Maine.

1898 – The Battle of San Juan Hill is fought in Santiago de Cuba during the Spanish-American War.

1908 – SOS  ··· – – – ··· is adopted as the international distress signal.

1916 – On the first day of the Battle of the Somme during World War I, 19,000 soldiers of the British Army are killed and 40,000 wounded.

1922 – The Great Railroad Strike of 1922, by 7 of the 16 railroad labor organizations existing at the time, begins in the U.S.

1931 – Wiley Post and Harold Gatty successfully complete their flight of circumnavigation in a single-engined monoplane aircraft.

1942 – The First Battle of El Alamein begins during World War II

1946 – As the start of Operation Crossroads, off Bikini Atoll in the Pacific, the MK3 Nuclear bomb “Gilda“, identical to the one dropped on Nagasaki is dropped from B-29 Dave’s Dream of the 509th Bombardment Group, one of the photographic aircraft on the Nagasaki bombing mission, as the ‘Able’ shot during the first series of nuclear weapon tests after World War II.

1959 – The specific values for the international yard, avoirdupois pound and derived units, e.g. inch, mile and ounce, are adopted after agreement between the U.S., the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth countries.

1963 – ZIP codes are introduced for United States mail

1968 – The United States Central Intelligence Agency’s Phoenix Program, to destroy the Viet Cong operating in South Vietnam, is officially established.

1979 – Sony introduces the Walkman.

1984 – The PG-13 movie rating is introduced by the MPAA.

1991 – The Warsaw Pact is officially dissolved at a meeting in Prague.

2002 – The International Criminal Court is established at The Hague to prosecute individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and crimes of aggression.

2020 – The United States Mexico Canada Agreement – USMCA, replaces the North American Free Trade Agreement – NAFTA.