Feds Uncover Houston Operation Moving Advanced AI Technology to China
Federal officials say a Houston-based smuggling ring funneled some of the world’s most advanced artificial intelligence technology to China, marking one of the largest known violations of U.S. export-control laws in recent years.
The case, outlined in a release from the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Southern District of Texas, centers on Hao Global LLC and its owner, 43-year-old Missouri City resident Alan Hao Hsu.
According to prosecutors, Hsu and a network of partners moved tens of thousands of restricted Nvidia H100 and H200 GPUs out of the country between late 2024 and early 2025. These are the same high-end chips that drive large-scale AI development, from national security research to sophisticated military systems.
Hsu pleaded guilty earlier this fall after admitting he knowingly exported or attempted to export more than 160 million dollars’ worth of controlled GPUs to the People’s Republic of China, Hong Kong, and other destinations where federal law bars their shipment.
According to investigators, the group disguised the nature of the products, falsified shipping records, and routed more than 50 million dollars in wire transfers originating from China to finance the operation. Hsu is the first person ever charged and convicted in an AI diversion case.
Court documents describe mislabeled cargo, falsified customer identities, and a steady flow of high-value chips moved through U.S. warehouses before being pushed overseas. Prosecutors say the conspirators relied on a network of intermediaries to hide the ultimate destination of the technology, which the U.S. considers critical to maintaining its strategic advantage in artificial intelligence.
While Hsu pleaded guilty, the case did not end with him. Two others now face federal charges: 43-year-old Fanyue “Tom” Gong, a Chinese national living in New York, and 58-year-old Canadian citizen Benlin Yuan of Mississauga, Ontario. Both men were arrested in recent weeks.
Gong, who owns a New York tech company, is accused of using straw purchasers and overseas partners to obtain GPUs, strip their Nvidia labels, rebrand them with a fake company name, and ship them overseas as generic computer parts. Prosecutors say he coordinated with employees at a Hong Kong logistics firm and a China-based AI company to move the technology into restricted jurisdictions.
Yuan, meanwhile, allegedly helped organize teams to inspect mislabeled shipments and coached associates on how to provide false information to federal agents. Court filings indicate he discussed fabricating a cover story after authorities detained some of the hardware. He also faces accusations that he assisted with handling and storing additional restricted GPU shipments tied to the same Hong Kong firm.
Hsu faces up to 10 years in federal prison at his sentencing in February. Gong could receive up to 10 years if convicted, while Yuan faces as many as 20 years on conspiracy charges. Hsu remains free on bond. Gong and Yuan are being held pending further proceedings.
Federal officials framed the case as a direct threat to national security.
U.S. Attorney Nicholas Ganjei said the smuggling network undermined the country’s technological edge at a time when AI capability is tightly linked to military strength. Ganjei noted, “These chips are the building blocks of AI superiority and are integral to modern military applications. The country that controls these chips will control AI technology; the country that controls AI technology will control the future. The Southern District of Texas will aggressively prosecute anyone who attempts to compromise America’s technological edge.”
The case also comes as Texas and other states grapple with China’s influence inside American institutions and supply chains. Earlier this month, Texas Scorecard reported that major Texas universities admitted more than 4,000 students from China, Russia, and Iran for the Fall 2025 semester. National security specialists have long warned that foreign influence groups linked to hostile governments use academic programs and research partnerships to gain access to sensitive technology.
At the same time, Texas lawmakers are defending a new state law restricting land purchases by foreign adversaries. The policy, known as the Texas Foreign Land Ban, is currently before the U.S. Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals after being challenged by three Chinese nationals who are in the United States on visas. Supporters point to a recent ruling in Florida upholding a similar law as a promising sign.
Lawmakers argue that states have a duty to guard strategic assets from foreign encroachment, whether through real estate, education, or technological theft.
As the investigation around AI smuggling continues, prosecutors say more arrests are possible.