August 3

435 – Nestorius, Patriarch of Constantinople, is deposed and exiled for heresy by Emperor Theodosius II

1342 –  During the Spanish Reconquista, the Castillian forces of Alfonso XI assisted by the fleets of the Kingdom of Aragon and the Republic of Genoa besiege the port city of Algeciras, the main port of the Marinid Sultanate in southern Spain, one of the first engagements where gunpowder weapons are used.

1492 – Christopher Columbus sets sail from Palos de la Frontera, Spain on his first voyage to the new world

1678 – French explorer Robert LaSalle builds the Le Griffon, the first known ship built on the Great Lakes.

1795 – The Treaty of Greenville is signed by the Wyandot and Delaware tribes ending the Northwest Indian War in the Ohio Country.

1829 – The Treaty of Lewistown is signed by the Shawnee and Seneca tribes, exchanging land in Ohio for land west of the Mississippi River.

1900 – The Firestone Tire and Rubber Company is founded.

1907 – Judge Kenesaw Mountain Landis fines Standard Oil of Indiana a record $29.4 million for illegal rebating to freight carriers; the conviction and fine are later reversed on appeal.

1914 – Germany declares war against France.

1921 – Major League Baseball Commissioner, retired Judge Kenesaw Mountain Landis confirms the ban of the eight Chicago Black Sox, the day after they were acquitted by a Chicago court.

1936 – Jesse Owens wins the 100 meter dash at the Berlin Olympics.

1958 – The nuclear powered submarine, USS Nautilus, becomes the first vessel to complete a submerged transit of the geographical North Pole.

1960 – Niger gains independence from France.

1972 – The U.S. Senate ratifies the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty with the Soviet Union

2004 – The pedestal of the Statue of Liberty reopens after being closed since the September 11 attacks.

2008 – Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn dies in Moscow, Russia

2019 – At a WalMart store in El Paso, Texas,  Patrick Crusius opens fire with a rifle, killing 23 people and wounding another 23 before he flees.