August 30

70 – Titus ends the siege of Jerusalem after destroying Herod’s Temple.

1574 – Guru Ram Das becomes the Fourth Sikh Guru/Master.

1791 – HMS Pandora, holding the captured prisoners from the HMS Bounty, sinks after having run aground on the outer Great Barrier Reef the previous day.

1813 – Creek “Red Sticks” warriors kill over 500 settlers, including over 250 armed militia, in Fort Mims, Alabama during the Creek War.

1836 – Brothers Augustus Chapman Allen and John Kirby Allen found the city of Houston in the Republic of Texas.

1862 – Confederate forces under Edmund Kirby Smith rout Union forces under General William “Bull” Nelson defending Richmond, Kentucky.

1945 – General Douglas MacArthur lands at Atsugi airfield to set up temporary headquarters at Yokohama as Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces occupying Japan.

1963 – The Moscow–Washington telephone hotline between the leaders of the U.S. and the Soviet Union goes into operation.

1967 – Thurgood Marshall is confirmed as the first black Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States.

1984 – Shuttle Discovery is launched on its maiden voyage in mission STS-41-D

1991 – Azerbaijan declares independence as the Soviet Union comes to an end.

1992 – After an 11 day standoff at his farm at Ruby Ridge, Idaho, where his wife and one of his children are killed, Randy Weaver surrenders to federal authorities.

1995 –  NATO launches combat operations against Bosnian Serb forces in Operation Deliberate Force.

2003 – Charles Bronson dies of cancer, age 81, at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles.

2021 – The last remaining American troops leave Afghanistan, ending U.S. involvement in the war.