October 1

331 BC – Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia for the second, and last time, in the Battle of Gaugamela, near modern-day Erbil, Iraq, conquering Babylon.

1787 – Russian troops under Alexander Suvorov defeat invading Turks under Serben Ağa at Ochakiv in Mykolaiv Oblast near modern Kherson, Ukraine

1800 – Via the Third Treaty of San Ildefonso, Spain cedes Louisiana to France.

1827 –  A Russian army under Ivan Paskevich storm and retake Yerevan, ending a millennium of moslem domination of Armenia.

1832 – Texian political delegates convene at San Felipe de Austin to petition for changes in the governance of Mexican Texas.

1890 – Yosemite National Park is established by Congress.

1903 – The American League Boston Americans play the National League Pittsburgh Pirates in the first game of the modern World Series with Pittsburgh winning the first game at Boston’s Huntington Avenue Grounds, 7-3, but ultimately loosing the pennant.

1908 – The Ford Motor Company offer its  Model T automobiles for sale at the price of $825 (about $23,000 today)

1910 – A large bomb destroys the Los Angeles Times building, killing 21 people.

1918 – During World War I, the Allied Egyptian Expeditionary Force captures Damascus.

1931 – The George Washington Bridge in the United States, linking New Jersey and New York, is opened.

1936 – During the Spanish Civil War, Francisco Franco is promoted Generalissimo and named head of the Nationalist government of Spain.

1942 – On her second combat patrol, Lt Commander C. E. Duke commanding USS Grouper torpedoes the Lisbon Maru, not knowing that she is carrying British prisoners of war from Hong Kong.

1946 – Nazi leaders are sentenced, most to be hanged like common criminals, at the Nuremberg trials.

1947 – The North American F-86 Sabre flies for the first time.

1957 – The U.S. Treasury beings printing In God we trust on paper currency

1958 – The National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) is replaced by The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

1961 – The United States Defense Intelligence Agency is formed

1966 – West Coast Airlines Flight 956, a Douglas DC-9, crashes in Clackamas County, Oregon, with no survivors of the 18 passengers and crew aboard. This accident marks the first loss of a DC-9.

1969 – The Aérospatiale/BAC Concorde flies supersonic for the first time.

1971 – Walt Disney World opens near Orlando, Florida.

1982 – EPCOT (Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow) opens at Walt Disney World in Florida.

1987 – A 5.9 Mw  earthquake shakes the San Gabriel Valley in California, killing 8 people and injuring 200.

2015 – A student at Umpqua Community College near Roseburg, Oregon shoots and kills 9 faculty and students and wounds 8 more, then engages police officers in a gunfight before committing suicide after being wounded.

2017 – A man shooting from a room on the 32nd floor of the Mandalay Bay hotel kills 59 people and injures another 869, 2 of which later die of complications of their wounds, at a country music festival at the Las Vegas Strip before committing suicide.

2018 – The International Court of Justice rules that Chile is not obliged to negotiate access to the Pacific Ocean with Bolivia.

2019 – 1 student is killed died and 10 injured when Joel Marin, armed only with a sword, attacks a school class at Savo Vocational School in Kuopio, Finland.